Florence Kelley Essays - Child Labor In The United States

Florence Kelley Introduction Florence Kelley was born in Philadelphia in 1859 into a cultured and affluent family. Her family was actively devoted to social reform. Her father, Congressman William (Pig Iron) Kelley, fought passionately to persuade government to uphold the rights of the poor and weak. He strongly believed that every child in America, whether born rich or poor should be afforded the same opportunities and chances in life. Florence was conditioned from a very early age to despise the sight of little children hard at work. Her father was a dominating influence throughout Florence's life. He taught her to read at the age of seven. He provided books that focused on child labor and children who were far less fortunate1. He took her on a midnight tour of factories where young boys helped in the manufacturing of steel and glass. There she witnessed the deplorable and dangerous conditions children were forced to work under. She often contends that through this experience, she developed her enthusiasm to advocate for child labor reform. She wrote while still a very young woman, We that are strong, let us bear the infirmities of the weak.2 ____________________ 1 Goldmark, Josephine Clara, Florence Kelley's Life Story: Impatient Crusader. 1953. University of Illinois Press, Urbana. ISBN# 0-8371-9011-8 2 *http://www.idbsu.edu/socwork/dhuff/history/extras/kelly.htm*, Florence Kelley -- A Woman of Fierce Fidelity. Florence's mother, Caroline Bartram-Bonsall, lost her parents at a very young age. Caroline's adoptive family Isaac and Elizabeth Pugh, were close friends of her parents. It was through them that Florence was connected to Sarah Pugh. Florence's Great-Aunt Sarah was a leading abolitionist who advocated on behalf of the women's suffrage movement, the oppression of women, free trade, peace, and a single standard of morals for men and women. Sarah was feisty and strong. She confided to Florence that she never used sugar and she only wore linen undergarments. Her reasoning, she explained was cotton was grown by slaves and sugar also. 3 I decided many years ago never to use either and to bring these facts to the attention of my friends. It was through these influences that Florence developed her passion for socialism. Florence was mature beyond her years. Her school attendance was often interrupted due to illness. She was highly susceptible to infection. To make up for her sporadic attendance she was educated mainly at home and spent endless hours in her father's library reading. 4 In 1876 Kelley enrolled at Cornell University; she was among the first generation of college-educated women. She graduated from Cornell in 1882 earning her Bachelor of Science degree. ____________________ 3 Goldmark, Josephine Clara, Florence Kelley's Life Story: Impatient Crusader. 1953. University of Illinois Press, Urbana. ISBN# 0-8371-9011-8 4 Goldmark, Josephine Clara, Florence Kelley's Life Story: Impatient Crusader. 1953. University of Illinois Press, Urbana. ISBN# 0-8371-9011-8 She applied but was denied entry to the University of Pennsylvania graduate school simply because she was a female. She taught for a brief period and then enrolled in postgraduate studies at the University of Zurich in Switzerland where women were permitted to obtain postgraduate degrees. There she applied her developed passions for Socialism. 5 In following her new commitment she married a medical student, a radical Russian Jew named Lazare Wischnewetzky. Soon after she gave birth to their first child. It was also during that period that she made what is still considered the finest translation of Friedrich Engels' book The Condition of the Working Class in England. She saw to its publication and promotion in the United States and began corresponding with Engels. In 1886, Kelley returned with her family to New York. She quickly gave birth to two more children. She tried and failed to make a place for herself in the largely German-speaking, male dominated Socialist Labor Party. At the end of 1891 her marriage deteriorated. To escape her mentally unstable husband, who had grown violent, she fled with her children to Jane Addams's Hull House in Chicago. ______________________ 5*http://www.biography.com/cgi-bin/biomain.cgi*, Kelley, Florence (Molthrop) For the next eight years she lived and worked with Hull House residents and supporters. These were women of her class who strongly believed that they belonged in the public arena calling attention to the working conditions of children and women, social injustice and democracy for all. During her years at Hull House she led a

Discuss how the film Schindlers List

Discuss how the film Schindlers List has effectively shaped your understanding of the meaning of aggression. Schindlers List, directed by Steven Spielberg is a probing film, which endeavours to show us the true meaning of aggression. There are many forms of aggression portrayed in this film: physical, psychological, abuse of power, and passive aggression. Spielberg chose to demonstrate these forms, in most cases, quite graphically, and some others in a subtly disturbing manner. Physical aggression is the most commonly depicted mode throughout the film. Physical aggression is, for the most part, equal to physical abuse. This can have serious effects upon a persons life. For example, it could leave their appearance significantly altered, thereby affecting the way they view themselves probably in a negative way. An example of physical aggression in Schindlers List would be the scene in which the womens hair is cut off at the Auschwitz camp. In this scene, the Jewish women are stripped of even their most basic feminine possession, a dehumanising act. The overbearing sounds of snipping scissors covers any minute murmuring to be heard. In our community, there are many couples existing where one partner physically abuses the other. That person can be cut, burned, or simply battered and bruised so badly that their physical appearance can be altered. This can leave a person with absolutely no self-esteem, making them feel worthless and unwanted. The form of physical aggression is definitely the most detrimental to a persons body and can even result in the extreme of the victims death. Schindlers List showed this form of aggression many times: each scene putting into perspective how much physical aggression can seriously break an individuals spirit. Psychological aggression is the next most common form portrayed in the film. Often teamed with physical aggression, it is ve...

The Gallipoli campaign Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Gallipoli campaign - Article Example It is estimated that more than 130,000 Allied soldiers died. Surprisingly, the Turks fiercely put up a resistance that proved impossible for the Allied forces to crack. Throughout the Wars in Europe, the Ottoman Empire had remained neutral for it was still recouping from internal civil strives and political instabilities (Broadbent 12). However, by 1914, the Turks had fully recovered and entered the World War 1 on the side of the Central Powers- Germany and Austria-Hungary (Hart 8-13). Turkey as a country lies between the Europe and Russia. In this case, it was impossible for Europe to link up with Russia with Turkey at the center as a Central Power (Hart 8-13). The Allied Forces therefore wanted to capture the straits so as to be able to establish links with the Russians through the Black Sea (Hart 8-13). Capture of the Dardanelles Straits would have also made it easy for the Allied forces to kick the Turks out of the war (Hart 8-13). Nevertheless, even though the Gallipoli Campaign was only seen as a great loss on the side of the Allied forces, the war brought equal losses to both sides. The Allied forces lost a huge number of soldiers and warships while Turkey’s national resources were largely damaged and not forgetting the high number of Turk soldiers who lost their lives in this War (Hart 8-13). Further, Broadbent (57-61) argue that the Allied forces wasted a lot of resources in the Gallipoli Campaign that would have been vital to them on the major war front. It was unrealistic how the Allied forces lost this particular battle but critics argue that the loss was as a result of poor execution of warring strategies (Hart 8-13). The British and her allies were steered by ill-fitted goals, insufficient artillery, overconfidence, inaccurate intelligence and maps, poor plans, tactical deficiency, in experienced troops as well as the inadequate logistics and equipment (Broadbent, 19-20). The

Mini-Project (fourth) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mini-Project (fourth) - Essay Example A focus is given to scheduling. This is illustrated with a sample precedence diagram. Design related changes that led to delays and extra costs could easily have been avoided through careful planning and allowing for some changes before implementing the physical carrying out of the project. The major changes that caused setbacks were as follows: The production line control software had to be mostly rewritten after â€Å"Miles Faster jumped at the opportunity to get involved and decided to change the production train specification to increase capacity.† Dispute resolution – Leadbetter was loathe to discuss the documents on the specifications of the mechanical equipment with Ivar Kontrak and instead dealt directly with Amos Dent of Tinknockers Associates. Regulations – â€Å"Neither Moneysworth nor Leadbetter was conscious of the need for any review and approval procedures for specifications and shop drawings submitted directly by either S&P or by Eddie Forgot of Piecemeal Corporation, the suppliers of the production train.† (case study) Lack of coordination – Spencer Moneysworth was responsible for the project but many of the efforts of others were uncoordinated. For example, between the foundation layers of the building and the catalogue describers and specifiers. Quality became an issue for example when Leadbetter knew that the specifications for the mechanical equipment for the dust-free paint shop governed the quality of equipment, workmanship and performance. Similarly is the case with meeting the environmental safety standards. The delivery schedule slipped two weeks due to the manufacturing drawings for the critical long-lead equipment sitting in a junior clerk’s in-tray awaiting approval. This also contributed â€Å"to a later construction schedule conflict in tying-in the new services.† Objectives should be clearly defined so that it is also clear how well the project is progressing. Additionally, requirements should be

DISCUSSION FOURM 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

DISCUSSION FOURM 6 - Essay Example These are normally identified in the early phases of the emergence of a disease, or an epidemiological ailment. The best communication approach is to open a communication line with environmental investigators, during the early phases of the emergence of an epidemic (Monroe, 2011). These communications should be frequent, and the methods used in communicating should be accessible to all. For example, health care experts should use mobile phones and the internet for communicating (Monroe, 2011). Use of mobile phone is an easy method of sharing information between environmental experts and public health officers (Monroe, 2011). It is important to denote that most infectious diseases normally emanate because of poor hygiene and environmental condition. This includes conditions such as contaminated water, poor sewerage system, etc (Monroe, 2011). Liaising with environmentalist will help a health worker to identify the various environmental health hazards, which might be a cause of an infectious disease (Shetty, 2010). Furthermore, there is a need of establishing health hotlines. Mobile hotlines will enable people to communicate directly with health care workers, in case of the emergence of an infectious disease. This is an efficient and easy method of identifying the source of a disease. All that health care workers have to undertake is to inform the public on the existence of the hotline numbers (Monroe,

How The Vietnam War Changed America History Essay

How The Vietnam War Changed America History Essay The Vietnam War was debated by many people now and then. If it were not for the Vietnam War and the world to would be a different place. The War itself changed America. The Vietnam War began in 1957 and ended in 1975, it was the longest war in which the United States took part in (The World Book Encyclopedia). Vietnam is a small country in Southeast Asia; it is about the size of the state of California with a population during the 1960s of more than 40 million people (Kent). During 1946, a war started between the French and Vietminh, where on December 19, the French bombed the northern city of Haiphong killing some six thousand Vietnamese soldiers and civilians (Kent). May 8, 1954 the Geneva Conference, Vietnam was divided into the Communist Democratic Republic of Vietnam, also known as North Vietnam, and the non-Communist Republic, called the South. The Vietnam War is also called the Indochina War or Second Indochina War (The Encyclopedia Americana International ed). In 1955 the United States started sending money to South Vietnam. President Eisenhower also agreed to help train the army. The War had several stages. From 1957 to 1963, the North aid ed rebels opposed to the government of the south headed by President Ngo Dinh Diem. On Nov. 1st The South generals overthrew the Diem and he was killed on Nov. 2 1963. From 1694 to 1969 North Vietnam and the United States did much of the fighting. President Lyndon B. Johnson sent in U.S. Marines into Da Nang, they were the first ground troops to arrive. Australia, New Zealand, the Philippines, South Korea, and Thailand also helped South Vietnam. In 1969 the United States had more than 543,000 troops. From 1966-1969 the United States paid $28.8 billion a year in war related costs. In June of 1969 President Nixon announced that the U.S. troops would begin to withdraw (The World Book Encyclopedia). In January 1973, a cease-fire was arranged and the last of the American ground troops left Vietnam during the next two months (The World Book Encyclopedia). The war did not end here, for two more years the North and South continued to fight until Saigon, the capital of South Vietnam fell to the Communists on April 30, 1975. A total of 57,605 Americans lost their lives in combat. South Vietnamese military lost 220,357 and the North Vietnamese 499,000 people. An additional 303,700 US military personnel were wounded in the battle (The Encyclopedia Americana International ed). Many people were torn about the war. Some felt that the United States needed to be involved and that it was noble of them. Many others called it cruel, unnecessary, and wrong. This debate still goes on today Americans still do not agree on the goals, conduct, and lessons of the U.S. participation in the war. There were many horror stories from the war, many in which the army tried to hide. In the village of My Lai, soldiers searching for Vietcong suspects, ended up dashing from hut to hut murdering everyone they found. As many as four hundred people died in this spree of senseless violence (Kent). The veterans of most American wars returned as heroes. This was not so with this war. The soldiers that were returning home from Vietnam received no heroes welcome. These soldiers were seen as unbalanced or potential criminals. Other saw them as the unfortunate victims of Americas terrible mistake (Kent). One form of art that came from the Vietnam War was the Memorial. The Vietnam veterans Memorial was designed by Maya Ying Lin, and was created to help heal the emotional and spiritual wounds which the war left as its legacy. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial officially opened on November 11, 1982 almost ten years after the end of the war. In the first five years, it received 20 million visitors (Kent). Still today thousands of people visit the V-shaped monument of glossy black granite which stands on the Capitol Mall in Washington, D.C. The wall, covered with the names of the U.S. men and women who died. In 1966 the Artists Protest Committee organized the Peace Tower, which stood at the corner of Sunset and La Cienega Boulevards. Artist covered the sculpture with over 400 small panels submitted by artist from all around the world. Each panel was an artistic antiwar statement, and artists who submitted works include Philip Evergood, Moses and Raphael Soyer, Robert Motherwell, Jim Rosenquis t, Philip Pearlstein, Arnold Meshes, and Judy Chicago. In May of 1970 nearly 2,000 artist gathered at New York University to organize a day long Art Strike. On May 22nd the actual day of the shutdown, the Jewish Museum, the Whitney Museum, and fifty private galleries shut their doors. The Museum of Modern Art stayed open but ran an antiwar film festival free of charge. Frank Stella closed his exhibit for the strike. The Guggenheim Museum remained open- but waved entry fees and removed all paintings from its walls. Meanwhile, the Metropolitan Museum of Art had been targeted for a major demonstration by artists for refusing to participate in the Art Strike. For nearly the entire day, hundreds of artists carrying signs reading Art Strike Against Racism, War, Repression. (Vallen) Music can say a lot about an era. During the 1960s and 1970s the traditional outlets in classical, instrumental, ballads, swing, jazz, country, folk and pop, as well as the new soul, Motown, rock and roll, and many other sounds. Many of the musical artists from this era are still popular or well know today. The 1960 was another great year for Elvis. In 1961 Tossin and Turnin by Bobby Lewis was the number one hit of the year. Dave Brubeck delivered some of the best jazz ever. Then in 1962 came many dance song still played today, Mashed Potato, Twist and Shout, and Loco-motion by Little Eva. In 1963 the world saw new genres of music when pop came out with the Beach Boys with Surfin, Little Stevie Wonder and Peter, Paul, and Mary. The Birth of the Beatles came in 1964. The Fab Four changed the scene of music in America by introducing the Mersey sound and band like Manfred Mann started to be heard as a result. The Supremes and the Four Seasons also started Motown. The number one hit in 1 965 went to The Rolling Stones with (I Cant Get No) Satisfaction, while the Beatles stayed strong with the number two spot. 1965 also saw Bob Dylan and Sonny and Cher. The number one hit in 1966 was Ballad of the Green Berets, sung by Sgt. Barry Sadler. This song was a reflection of Americas growing involvement in Vietnam. The Monkees also hit the charts this year and the power of the media was soon to sweep away the power of patriotism. 1967 was a wild and wooley year in music. There was a huge mix of styles ranging from ballads to rock to Motown to psychedelia. Aretha Franklin wanted to get a little R-e-s-p-e-c-t. We were born to be wild in 1968 with Steppenwolf. We also saw Simon and Garfunkel go from lyrical strength to catchy strength. No one could forget about the Beatles, as every song they seemed to write would rise right to the top. 1969s number one went to The Fifth Dimension with Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In. Sugar, Sugar took the number two spot, while the top ten also i ncluded the Rolling Stones, The Beatles, and The Doors. 1970 was absolutely huge on the pop music scene, and much of its popularity is still strong today with heaps of real classics from Simon Garfunkel, Stevie Wonder, the Beatles, Aretha and B.B. King still on the pop airwaves. (Vietnam era music top ten hits from each year of the war). During the War many soldiers wrote poetry based on their experiences during the war. Here are a few of my favorites. VIETNAMESE MORNING Before war starts In early morning The land is breath taking. The low, blazing, ruby sun Melts the night-shadow pools Creating an ethereal appearance. Each miniature house and tree Sprouts its, long, thin shadow Stretching long on dewy ground. The countryside is panoramic maze, Jungle, hamlets, hills and waterways, Bomb-craters, paddies, broken-backed bridges. Rice fields glow sky-sheens, Flat, calm, mirrored lakes Reflect the morning peace. The patchwork quilted earth, Slashed by snaking tree-lines, Slumbers in dawns blue light. Sharp, rugged mountain peaks Sleep   in a soft rolling blanket Of clinging, slippery, misty fog. Effortlessly, languidly, it flows Shyly spreading wispy tentacles out To embrace the earth with velvet arms. Curt Bennett Copyright Curt Bennett  © 2003 This shows me what it was that the soldiers saw when they first got to Vietnam; the land was beautiful until the bombs came and burned down everything. PROFANITY When hungry bullets Chew into soft airplane bodies Sending dials and gauges Spinning in whirling circlesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ When the little red warning lights Scream in alarm, blink-red, blink-red, blink-red! It is then you discover The beauty of profanity! And the need to know all the words! But in no particular order. Curt Bennett Copyright Curt Bennett  © 2003 This poem takes me to the moment this soldier thinks that he might die. His airplane has been hit with gun fire and he knows that he will go down; he is going to pay with his life for my freedom. BEFORE THE WAR I wonder whats the matter with him. Hes not the way he was before. Hes not the way he used to be. The way he was before the war. He had no way of knowing What horrors were in store. Then communication ceased When he went off to war. He left while only in his teens. Now hes so much older. The warmth of his youth is gone. His spirits so much colder. His eyes look deeply haunted. He has no joy anymore. He doesnt laugh and rarely smiles. He stares down at the floor. He speaks in cryptic code. He talks of blood and gore. Then lapses into silence Since he came back from war. I wonder what he saw there That fills his eyes with fright. All those unknown terrors Keep him awake at night. Certain sounds will startle him And send him out the door. Will he ever have peace again, As he had before the war? He turns away from mirrors. Who he sees must frighten him. Theres no respite in his mind Because all his thoughts are grim. I dont know what to say to him. I cant talk as I did before. Hes not the person that I knew Before he went to war. He doesnt even look the same, So pale and so thin. Its like another person Came back inside his skin. He used to be such fun, So easy to adore. Its like he disappeared When he returned from war. I wonder what became of him. I never see him anymore. Hes not the person he once was. I mean, before the war. Copyright 2003 Penny Rock All Rights Reserved. With this poem I can really see the boy that left to go in to war, he was young and ready to show the world that he was a man. And that he did, but like so many that returned home from the war he change. The fear of death, killing people, seeing friends and fellow American Soldiers die can take a big toll and a person, they will never be the same again. I might not have been alive during the Vietnam War, but though poetry, art and music I can live the experience without leaving my own home. I can get a feel for the way the world was and how it has change as a result of the war.

Studt guide :: essays research papers

Unit #4- Study Guide, Chapter #3 Answer the following questions, IN YOUR OWN WORDS. Of course, this is an â€Å"open book† assignment. 1. Everyone who lives in the United States lives in the same society and, also lives in the same culture. These concepts refer to different aspects of the United States. Using the United States as an example, explain the differences between the concepts of â€Å"society† and â€Å"culture.† Society sets boundaries for our lives. The United States has set out laws that we must abide by and follow. The United States is not different from other countries because of our social status, roles, groups, social institutions, and everyone's surrounding areas has established beliefs or values. Our cultures are ver different because of our languages, mannerisms, values, norms and religion. It is difficult for a foreigner to come to the United States and learn new mannerisms, norms, and a new language. A foreigner now has to adapt to a custom he sees totally different from what might have been normal to him back at his native country. 2. Explain the differences between innovations, discoveries, inventions and diffusion. Give examples of each of these concepts in order to clarify the differences between them. There are all different but somewhat similar. One can't really work without the other in life. Innovations are ways to achieve a certain goal. An example is money. Drug dealers use illegitimate ways to achieve this goal. In the long run they will discover that they reap what they sow. Meaning that they might end up in jail and arrested. Discoveries are a new way of seeking reality as a second process for change. Inventions are combinations of existing elements and materials to form new ones. People invent new drugs for the sick or some people combine drugs just to get a fix or high. The diffusion is that later on in their lives it will affect them greatly or other people might learn for them. 3. Although it would seem that symbolic interactionists would be more interested in language than the proponents of structural functionalism and conflict theory, each of the perspectives has an interest in this important cultural component. Explain why language is important to symbolic interactionists and elaborate on the interest that the other two perspectives would have in language. Language is a system of symbols that can be strung together for the purpose of communicating abstract thought.